Rootstock |
Advantages |
Disadvantages |
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Atlas™ interspecific |
extremely vigorous, root-knot nematode resistance similar to Nemaguard, productive, increases fruit size, considered well anchored, tolerant of saline and alkaline soil conditions | delays fruit maturity in some varieties, intolerant of wet soil conditions, intolerant of dehydration in transplanting - see note below |
| Citation interspecific peach & plum - rooted cutting |
highly compatible with apricot and plum, induces early bearing, tolerant of wet soil conditions, resists root knot nematode, advances maturity and increases size and sugar content of fruit | susceptible to crown gall, bacterial canker and oak root fungus, intolerant of virus with peach or nectarine |
| Hansen 536 interspecific peach & plum - tissue culture |
vigorous, well-anchored, some resistance to root-knot nematode, very tolerant of saline and alkaline soil conditions | susceptible to root-lesion nematode; very susceptible to bacterial canker, oak-root fungus, crown gall, Phytophthora and ring nematode, intolerant of virus with peach or nectarine, intolerant of dehydration in transplanting - see note below |
| Lovell peach seedling |
slightly more resistant to wet conditions than Nemaguard but prefers well-drained soils, slightly more resistant to bacterial canker than Nemaguard | susceptible to root-knot and root-lesion nematode and to oak-root fungus, somewhat susceptible to bacterial canker, prunes on this rootstock are subject to brown line |
| M40 Marianna plum - rooted cutting |
similar to Marianna 26-24, but having a deeper root system, better anchorage, and fewer suckers | |
| Marianna 26-24 plum - rooted cutting |
slightly dwarfing, moderately resistant to Phytophthora crown and root rot and oak root fungus, tolerates wet soils, root-knot nematode resistant | tends to lean, shallow roots the first few years, very susceptible to bacterial canker, incompatible with peaches, nectarines and some almond varieties, suckers profusely, susceptible to crown gall, almonds subject to brown line disease and union mild etch |
| Myrobalan 29C plum - rooted cutting |
makes large tree, immune to root-knot nematode, tolerates wet soils, less sucker development than Marianna 2624 | tends to lean, some incompatibility with almonds, prunes subject to brown line on this rootstock, may set lighter crop than Marianna 26-24, susceptible to oak root fungus |
| Nemaguard peach seedling |
root-knot nematode resistant, vigorous, strong tree | susceptible to root-lesion nematode, prefers sandy soil, susceptible to oak root fungus & bacterial canker, prunes on this rootstock are subject to brown line |
| ROOTPAC® R almond x plum - tissue culture |
well-anchored tree, highly resistant to root-knot nematode, resistant to oak-root fungus and Phytophthora, tolerant of saline and alkaline soil conditions | susceptible to root-lesion and ring nematode and to bacterial canker, higher density required to compensate for smaller tree size |
| Titan Hybrid Titan almond x Nemaguard peach - hybrid seedling |
extremely vigorous, may have root-knot nematode resistance, considered well anchored, tolerant of calcareous soil conditions | trees may be excessively vigorous on good soil, may delay maturity of fruit, more susceptible to crown rot than peach seedling rootstocks, intolerant of wet soil conditions |
| Viking™ interspecific peach, almond, plum & apricot - rooted cutting |
vigorous, root-knot nematode resistance similar to Nemaguard, productive, precocious tree, increases fruit size, considered well anchored, less susceptible to bacterial canker than seedling rootstocks, tolerant of wet soil conditions, tolerant of saline and alkaline soil conditions | intolerant of dehydration in transplanting - see note below |
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| Colt cherry - rooted cutting | tolerates wet heavy soils better than Mahaleb, resists bacterial canker; cherries on Colt are field resistant to cherry stem pitting | drought sensitive, slight to not dwarfing under California irrigated conditions, susceptible to crown gall, not cold hardy (not a problem in California climate) |
| Gisela® 12cherry - rooted cutting | precocious, production moderate to heavy, well anchored, little suckering, suited to a wide range of soils, open, spreading growth habit | crop management may be required, dwarfing varies with soil, climate conditions and cultivar |
| Mahaleb cherry seedling |
more drought tolerant than Mazzard, resists bacterial canker, smaller tree than Mazzard, moderately resistant to crown gall and root-lesion nematode, shows buckskin infection quickly | intolerant of wet heavy soils, attracts gophers, tends to sucker, susceptible to oak root fungus, some root-knot nematode susceptibility - very susceptible to Phytophthora crown and root rot and Prunus stem pitting |
| Mazzard cherry seedling |
more water tolerant than Mahaleb, cold hardy, resists root-knot nematode, vigorous, moderately resistant to oak root fungus | slow to bear, large tree prone to root suckering, susceptible to crown gall, bacterial canker & root-lesion nematode, scion doesn't show buckskin infection as quickly as on Mahaleb |
| Zee Stem on Citation |
Allows cherry growers to use appropriate peach/plum/almond rootstocks for the planting location, precocious and dwarfing when used with Citation rootstock. Improves fruit quality | Crop managment may be needed on precocious varieties during early years. Not drought tolerant |
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| M 9 apple - layered cutting |
dwarfs to 40-45% seedling size, very precocious and productive, increases fruit size, has field resistance to cherry stem pitting disease | shallow rooted & drought sensitive, trees require support, susceptible to fireblight and wooly apple aphid |
| M 26 apple - layered cutting |
dwarfs to 55-60% seedling size, precocious and productive | shallow rooted & drought sensitive, staking or trellis usually required, susceptible to Phytophthora, susceptible to fireblight and wooly apple aphid |
| M 7 apple - layered cutting |
dwarfs to 65-70% seedling size, widely adapted to various soil conditions, moderately resistant to Phytophthora | suckers, staking may be required, susceptible to wooly apple aphid |
| M 111 apple - layered cutting |
tolerates waterlogging and drought, well-anchored, resists wooly apple aphid, dwarfs to 90% of seedling-rooted size, good for sandy soils | susceptible to crown rot under very poor conditions |
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| NCB (Northern California Black) walnut seedling |
vigorous, resists Verticillium wilt, oak root fungus and root-knot nematode | susceptible to Phytophthora crown gall and root-lesion nematode, Persian (English) walnut on Northern California Black subject to black line |
| Paradox NCB x Persian walnut hybrid seedling |
very vigorous, may induce better quality and productivity. resists root-lesion nematode and certain Phytophthora species, grows better in heavy, wet or low fertility soils than NCB, resistant to oak root fungus | highly susceptible to crown gall, may be less resistant to oak root fungus than Northern California Black, Persian walnuts on Paradox subject to black line |
On Dehydration...
Trees on peach x almond hybrid rootstocks, including interspecifics,
are very sensitive to dehydration. While planting, keep roots damp
and irrigate after planting.
